(1). if suspension is deemed necessary by the defendant;
(2). if the defendant applies for a suspension of execution, and the people s court deems that execution of the specific administrative act will cause irremediable losses and suspension of the execution will not harm public interests, and thus rules to suspend the execution; or
(3). if suspension of execution is required by the provisions of laws or regulations.
Article 45
The people s court shall openly try administrative cases, unless the cases involve State secrets or personal privacy or are otherwise provided for by law.
Article 46
When the people s court hears administrative cases, a collegial panel of judges or of judges and assessors shall be formed. The number of members of a collegial panel shall be an odd number of three or more.
Article 47
If a party considers a member of the judicial personnel to have an interest in the case or to be related to it, which may affect the impartial handling of the case, the party shall have the right to demand the withdrawal of the judicial personnel.
If a member of the judicial personnel considers himself or herself to have an interest in the case or to have other relations with it, he or she shall apply for withdrawal.
The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall apply to court clerks, interpreters, expert witnesses and persons who conduct inquests.
The withdrawal of the president of the court as the presiding judge shall be decided by the court s adjudication committee; the withdrawal of a member of the judicial personnel shall be decided by the president of the court; the withdrawal of other personnel shall be decided by the presiding judge. Any party who refuses to accept the decision may apply for a reconsideration.
Article 48
In case where a plaintiff refuses to appear in court without justified reasons after being summoned twice by the people s court, the court shall consider this an application of withdrawal of the case; if the defendant refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, the court may make a judgment by default.
Article 49
If a participant in the proceedings or any other person commits any of the following acts, the people s court may, according to the seriousness of his or her offense, reprimand him or her, order him or her to sign a statement of repentance or impose upon him or her a fine not exceeding 1,000 yuan or detain him or her for a period not exceeding 15 days; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:
(1). any person who has the duty to render assistance, but delays without reason or refuses to render assistance or obstructing the execution after the people s court has served him or her a notice for assistance;
(2). forging, concealing or destroying evidence;
(3). instigating, bribing or coercing others to make false testimony or obstructing witnesses from giving testimony;
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